A hernia occurs when an internal organ, most commonly a part of the intestine, pushes through a weak spot in the muscles or abdominal wall.This creates a visible bulge or lump, which may cause pain or discomfort, especially while standing, coughing, or lifting heavy objects. Hernias do not heal on their own and often worsen…
Gallstones are solid particles that form inside the gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located under the liver.The gallbladder stores bile — a digestive fluid that helps break down fats. When the balance of substances in bile (like cholesterol and bile salts) is disturbed, stones start to form. Gallstones can vary in size from tiny grains…
Obesity is a chronic medical condition in which excess body fat accumulates to the extent that it negatively affects health.It is not just about appearance — obesity increases the risk of developing serious diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, sleep apnea, infertility, and joint problems. The condition occurs when calorie intake exceeds calorie expenditure…
The appendix is a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the beginning of the large intestine (colon), located in the lower right side of the abdomen.While its exact function is unclear, it is believed to play a minor role in gut immunity. When the appendix becomes inflamed or infected, the condition is known as Appendicitis —…
An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus, which causes severe pain, burning, and bleeding during or after passing stool.It is one of the most common and painful anorectal conditions that affects both men and women of all ages. Anal fissures usually occur due to passing hard stools,…
A fistula in ano (anal fistula) is an abnormal tunnel that forms between the inner lining of the anal canal and the skin around the anus.It usually develops after an infection or abscess near the anus that fails to heal completely, leaving a small tract that continues to discharge pus or fluid. This condition can…
A pilonidal sinus is a small hole or tunnel that forms under the skin near the top of the buttocks (in the cleft area).It often contains hair, pus, and debris, leading to pain, swelling, and infection. When the sinus becomes infected, it may form an abscess that discharges pus or blood, producing a foul smell.This…
Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins inside or around the rectum and anus. They are one of the most common anorectal problems that cause pain, bleeding, itching, and discomfort, especially during bowel movements.Piles can occur due to chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, heavy lifting, pregnancy, or a low-fiber diet. There are two…
